A record number of countries are considering Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs) – which tax carbon-intensive imports like steel, cement and hydrogen – as a means to engage in climate action while also protecting domestic industry, improving security and advancing economic goals.
The spread of these regulations will provide opportunities and risks for companies operating in carbon-intensive sectors and the businesses in their value chain. Small regulatory choices can have outsized commercial impacts, affecting everything from future cash flows to asset valuations. The coming months present a critical window for these companies to engage with the regulatory details and protect their commercial interests.
FGS Global’s Climate experts outline key policy debates to engage with across several major economies:
European Union: The EU CBAM is in a transition phase, set to take full effect in 2026. Current debates include expanding downstream products while introducing export exemptions, opening up new opportunities for industry input on CBAM 2.0.
United Kingdom: The UK’s CBAM will launch in 2027. Draft legislation has been published, and public consultation is open for input until July 3, 2025. Meanwhile, greater alignment of the UK and EU CBAMs is under active diplomatic discussion.
Canada: Under new Prime Minister Mark Carney, Canada is preparing its own CBAM. Carney is likely to champion interoperability with allies and leverage the policy to support low-carbon trade diversification.
United States: Despite broader resistance to climate policy, a CBAM is gaining traction in Washington as a pro-manufacturing, anti-China tool. Two Republican senators have reintroduced legislation, indicating potential bipartisan momentum.
Learn more about FGS Global’s work in the climate sector.